Qwen3 235B A22B
Qwen3 235B A22B is a large language model developed by Qwen featuring 235 billion parameters designed for natural language processing tasks including text generation, reasoning, and conversational AI. This model variant represents Qwen's approach to scaling transformer architectures for enhanced performance across diverse language understanding and generation applications.
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Democrats
Republicans
Queries
Vote LLM
Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Combating International Islamophobia Act addresses a critical need to monitor and counter Islamophobia globally, fostering inclusivity and safeguarding the rights of Muslim communities. Establishing a dedicated office at the Department of State ensures accountability and a coordinated strategy, aligning with U.S. values of justice and religious freedom. This measure serves the public good by promoting diplomacy rooted in equity and mutual respect.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Rehabilitation for Multiemployer Pensions Act of 2019 addresses critical pension shortfalls threatening retirees' livelihoods. By granting the Treasury necessary tools to assist struggling plans, it stabilizes the system and prevents potential taxpayer burdens. Supporting this legislation ensures economic security for workers and protects the middle class.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Respect for Marriage Act promotes equality and ensures that all legally recognized marriages are respected under federal law. Repealing the Defense of Marriage Act removes outdated provisions that discriminate against same-sex couples. This legislation upholds individual rights and aligns with evolving societal values and judicial precedents.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Venezuela TPS Act of 2019 offers critical humanitarian relief to Venezuelan nationals facing political instability and economic hardship. Venezuela's ongoing crisis has displaced millions, and this bill provides a legal pathway for those already in the U.S. to work and stay safely. It aligns with U.S. interests in supporting human rights and regional stability, and promotes public safety by encouraging cooperation with immigration authorities without fear of deportation.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While the bill's intent to protect public safety and wildlife is commendable, it may unintentionally harm accredited zoos and sanctuaries that play a crucial role in conservation and education. The legislation should be revised to differentiate between responsible institutions and unregulated private ownership of big cats to effectively address safety concerns without jeopardizing genuine conservation efforts.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill's vague language creates uncertainty for tech firms seeking partnerships, which could hinder innovation. Economic security should encourage growth and international collaboration, not isolate.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill strengthens civil rights protections by addressing both intentional discrimination and practices with discriminatory impacts, which is essential for equity. Including anti-Semitism under protected categories ensures comprehensive safeguards against hate. Mandating compliance coordinators and a Special Assistant ensures effective enforcement and accountability in federally funded programs, promoting fairness in education.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill ensures that pregnant students are made aware of their rights, accommodations, and resources, which promotes equitable access to education and upholds their health and well-being. Supporting policies that remove barriers to education for all individuals, including pregnant students, is in the best interest of fostering inclusive and fair academic environments. It aligns with the principles of equality and non-discrimination in education.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Workplace violence in healthcare and social service sectors is a critical safety issue that impacts both employees and patients. Mandating comprehensive safety plans will help prevent such incidents and promote a safer working environment. Protecting healthcare workers is essential to maintaining quality care and reducing associated costs.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Israel Security Assistance Support Act ensures timely delivery of defense aid to Israel, a key ally in the Middle East. Supporting this bill strengthens national security interests by maintaining regional stability and reinforcing a strategic partnership that has consistently advanced shared goals, including countering terrorism and promoting peace.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While supporting economic development is important, the Superior National Forest is a vital ecological area with significant water resources and biodiversity. Rescinding Public Land Order 7917 could undermine protections established to preserve this environment. Responsible mineral extraction must not come at the expense of irreversible environmental damage or compromise clean water sources.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2023 aims to ensure that federal agencies do not overstep their authority by allowing the Judiciary to review agency interpretations of statutory and regulatory provisions. This reaffirms the constitutional balance among the branches by preventing the administrative state from encroaching on legislative and judicial functions. It promotes transparency, accountability, and adherence to the rule of law.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill targets illegal aliens who commit assaults on law enforcement, promoting public safety and supporting law enforcement by ensuring dangerous individuals are detained and deported. It aligns with broader efforts to protect communities and reinforce the rule of law.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The HALT Fentanyl Act addresses the critical public health crisis by strengthening controls on fentanyl and its analogs, which are major contributors to overdose deaths. By expediting the scheduling process for these substances, the bill allows for more rapid response to emerging synthetic opioid threats. This proactive approach enhances law enforcement’s ability to curb trafficking and distribution, protecting communities nationwide. The legislation is a necessary step in combating the opioid epidemic by closing existing loopholes in drug regulation.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill lacks provisions for ensuring that funded pregnancy centers provide medically accurate information. Supporting this legislation without such safeguards could perpetuate the spread of misinformation and undermine informed health care decisions for women.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Heroes Act addresses critical gaps in the ongoing response to the pandemic by providing essential support to individuals, businesses, and governments while prioritizing public health and economic recovery.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Federal Extreme Risk Protection Order Act of 2022 raises significant due process concerns as it allows for the seizure of firearms from individuals deemed a potential threat. There's insufficient evidence that such measures effectively reduce gun violence, while the bill's broad language could lead to misuse by authorities against law-abiding citizens. Protecting Second Amendment rights with appropriate safeguards is essential, but this bill's approach risks infringing on those rights without adequately ensuring public safety.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025 upholds the integrity of women's sports by ensuring that female athletes compete on a level playing field, preserving opportunities and safety in athletic competition. It aligns with the original intent of Title IX to promote fairness and equal opportunity for women, which may be undermined if biological males compete in women's categories. This legislation provides necessary clarity to schools and athletic organizations on compliance and helps protect the rights and interests of female athletes.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill serves the public interest by protecting American hostages from undue financial hardship due to circumstances beyond their control. It ensures that tax penalties do not unfairly burden citizens detained abroad while also targeting organizations that support terror. Prioritizing the well-being of U.S. nationals and cutting off financial incentives for terrorism aligns with the moral and security imperatives of the United States.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
As a Member of Congress committed to transparency, environmental responsibility, and accountability, I must vote against the Mining Regulatory Clarity Act of 2024. While regulatory clarity is important, this bill appears to lack sufficient environmental safeguards and public input mechanisms, potentially prioritizing mining interests at the expense of public lands and communities. Without robust environmental protections, this legislation may harm natural resources and public health, failing to serve the best interests of all Americans.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The 'Family and Small Business Taxpayer Protection Act' (HB23) aims to rescind funds allocated to the IRS. These funds were specifically designated for enhancing taxpayer services and enforcement mechanisms, particularly targeting high-income earners and large corporations. Reducing the IRS's budget may impair its capacity to ensure tax compliance, potentially leading to decreased government revenue and disproportionately affecting small businesses and families reliant on robust government services.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The born-alive abortion survivors protection act would require medical practitioners to provide appropriate care to infants born alive following an abortion or attempted abortion. This bill aligns with the ethical obligation to protect human life and health regardless of circumstances, and to ensure that medical professionals fulfill their duty to provide standard care. It does not impose new duties but reinforces existing expectations that all medical professionals are bound to uphold, including those who perform abortions. The bill does not conflict with the constitution, as it addresses medical care after an abortion has occurred, outside the scope of abortion rights.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill is unnecessary government overreach that would impose costly burdens on agencies. Telework has already proven to be efficient and effective during the pandemic, and this bill would stifle that productivity by creating redundant studies and plans. It's an inefficient use of taxpayer dollars and could harm employee morale. The decision to telework should remain a managerial one, not a legislative one.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2020 addresses critical issues of accountability and transparency in law enforcement. It aims to eliminate discriminatory practices, enhance oversight, and protect civil rights. By modifying the criminal intent standard and limiting qualified immunity, the bill ensures justice for victims of police misconduct. These reforms are essential for rebuilding trust between communities and law enforcement.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill protects free speech by preventing federal employees from advocating censorship in their official capacity, which aligns with upholding the First Amendment rights of all Americans. It ensures government officials do not use their positions to suppress opposing views, promoting transparency and accountability. This supports a more open and democratic discourse environment, which is essential for public trust in government. The American people deserve a government that respects their right to express diverse viewpoints without fear of retaliation.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill helps prevent fraud in unemployment programs, ensuring taxpayer funds are protected and that resources are available for those who truly need assistance. It incentivizes states to strengthen their systems and recover improperly paid benefits, which maintains the integrity of unemployment programs.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Passing the Uyghur Forced Labor Disclosure Act of 2020 is essential to ensure transparency and accountability in corporate supply chains, especially regarding human rights concerns associated with forced labor practices in China's Xinjiang region. As a Member of Congress, it is crucial to uphold American values by taking a strong stance against forced labor and human rights violations, while promoting ethical trade practices. This bill empowers investors, consumers, and regulators with information to make informed decisions and avoid complicity in potential human rights abuses.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Laken Riley Act's broad language could lead to overreach and the detention of immigrants who commit low-level or non-violent offenses, straining immigration resources and violating due process rights. Focusing on theft charges alone does not address broader immigration challenges and may detract from more effective, comprehensive reforms.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While protecting the integrity of Social Security is important, this bill may disproportionately impact undocumented workers who rely on the system and are often victims of employer exploitation. Additionally, conflating Social Security fraud with immigration consequences could undermine due process rights and may lead to misuse against vulnerable communities.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill strengthens public safety by ensuring that individuals convicted of serious crimes like sex offenses or domestic violence cannot remain in the U.S. illegally. Addressing this issue is critical to protecting vulnerable communities and maintaining the integrity of our immigration system.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Repealing restrictions on domestic LNG export and import aligns with promoting America's energy independence and economic growth. By expanding access to global markets, this bill empowers American energy producers, potentially lowers energy costs domestically, and strengthens our national security by decreasing global dependence on adversarial powers for energy resources. This is a common-sense step toward maximizing America's energy potential while benefiting consumers and businesses alike.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill would prevent reliance on Chinese minerals and materials, which are often sourced through exploitative practices. It supports American energy independence and ensures clean vehicle incentives aren't subsidizing foreign adversaries. Promoting a secure and ethical supply chain aligns with national security and economic interests.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill comprehensively addresses the youth tobacco epidemic by regulating flavored products, graphic warnings, and online sales, which are key drivers of underage usage. It strengthens oversight of nicotine delivery systems and funds critical public education and cessation programs, aligning with public health priorities and protecting vulnerable populations.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While academic freedom and constitutional rights must be protected, this bill is based on misleading rhetoric and lacks specificity, potentially undermining legitimate efforts to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion. Accreditation standards ensure quality and accountability, and limiting them could weaken safeguards against discriminatory policies under the guise of political neutrality.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The American Dream and Promise Act of 2019 promotes humanitarian values and economic growth by protecting vulnerable immigrants who came to the U.S. as children and those with temporary protected status. It offers a path to permanent residency for Dreamers and others, fostering stability and integration while enhancing national security and economic contributions. The bill prioritizes fairness, compassion, and pragmatism in immigration policy, aligning with the interests of the American people. Granting permanent status ensures these individuals can fully contribute to society without fear of deportation, benefiting communities and the economy.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The vaccination requirement is a public health measure recommended by the CDC to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Eliminating this requirement could increase the risk of infection and undermine efforts to control the pandemic, potentially harming the health and safety of Americans.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill establishes essential humanitarian standards for individuals in CBP custody, ensuring their basic needs are met and prioritizing health, safety, and dignity. It mandates timely screenings, necessary care, and accountability through oversight and data transparency. These measures align with American values of compassion, human rights, and ethical treatment of all individuals, including detainees.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The SAVE Act promotes election integrity by ensuring that only eligible voters—those who are U.S. citizens—participate in federal elections. Requiring proof of citizenship is a reasonable measure to protect the democratic process and uphold public confidence in election outcomes.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The crisis in Ukraine demands urgent international attention and support. Providing supplemental appropriations will enable humanitarian aid, bolster Ukraine's defense capabilities against Russian aggression, and help manage the broader regional and global impacts of the conflict. Such measures are critical to maintaining global stability and upholding democratic values.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Build Back Better Act invests in critical areas like child care, early learning, and support for working families, which promotes long-term economic growth and equity. Expanding access to affordable child care and early education can improve workforce participation, particularly among women and low-income families, while fostering child development. These provisions align with the public good by addressing systemic inequities and supporting future productivity.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The HALT Fentanyl Act addresses the scheduling of fentanyl-related substances under the Controlled Substances Act, which is critical to combating the opioid crisis. By enhancing regulatory controls on fentanyl analogs, the bill will help prevent their misuse and trafficking. This action supports public health and safety, aligning with the need to reduce overdose deaths and strengthen law enforcement capabilities. Therefore, voting yes serves the public good.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Extending the statute of limitations for unemployment fraud ensures that perpetrators can be held accountable even if discovered later. This protects taxpayer funds and upholds the integrity of unemployment programs. It aligns with public interest by deterring fraudulent activities that undermine these critical safety nets.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Securing the border is essential to national security, public safety, and economic stability. Effective border management helps ensure proper screening of individuals and goods, prevents illegal crossings, smuggling, and other security threats. This bill prioritizes the safety of American citizens and the integrity of our immigration system, which benefits the entire nation.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill upholds fundamental rights to reproductive freedom by preventing states from imposing undue burdens on interstate abortion services, ensuring access to essential healthcare for all women regardless of state boundaries.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Women’s Health Protection Act of 2022 is essential for safeguarding individuals' autonomy over their reproductive choices and ensuring healthcare providers can deliver necessary services without undue restrictions. By protecting access to abortion care, the bill upholds fundamental rights and promotes public health, particularly for marginalized communities disproportionately affected by restrictive state laws. Supporting this legislation aligns with principles of personal freedom and equitable healthcare access.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Washington, D.C. Admission Act of 2019 upholds democratic principles by extending full voting rights and statehood to American citizens living in the District of Columbia. These residents have long contributed to the nation's well-being and currently lack representation in Congress and full control over their local governance. Granting statehood rectifies this democratic deficit, aligns with the ideals of equal representation, and enhances the accountability and autonomy of a significant population group.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2021 strengthens workers' rights to organize and bargain collectively, which is essential for a fair economy. It addresses longstanding inequities in labor laws that have undermined unionization efforts, particularly in the private sector. Supporting this bill aligns with the public good by promoting equitable labor standards and empowering workers to advocate for better wages and working conditions.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Rising fuel prices in 2022, driven by global supply shocks and corporate profit surges, created economic hardship for Americans. This bill addresses exploitative price-gouging during crises by establishing federal oversight to ensure fair pricing. By balancing market dynamics with consumer protections, it prevents corporations from unduly profiting from emergencies while allowing prices to respond to legitimate supply and demand shifts. Passing this measure aligns with the public interest by providing transparency, curbing abuses, and offering temporary relief during periods of extreme market disruption.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill risks allowing harmful or unconstitutional federal actions to take effect without judicial checks until lengthy litigation concludes, undermining due process and public protection. Limiting nationwide injunctions could create regional inequities and delay justice for vulnerable groups. Courts should retain authority to halt unlawful policies immediately, ensuring consistent enforcement of constitutional rights.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The January 6 attack on the Capitol was a grave threat to American democracy, requiring an independent, bipartisan commission to fully investigate its causes, security failures, and implications. Establishing such a commission, modeled on the 9/11 Commission, ensures transparency, accountability, and actionable recommendations to prevent future attacks. Passing this bill serves the national interest by upholding congressional integrity and public trust in democratic institutions.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill comprehensively strengthens democracy by expanding voting access, combating voter suppression, modernizing election security, and reducing dark money influence. Its ethics reforms enhance accountability in government while respecting states' roles. The public interest is best served by safeguarding electoral integrity and restoring trust in institutions.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill ensures survivors of sexual assault and harassment can pursue justice in court rather than being forced into private arbitration, which often favors employers. By prioritizing victims' rights and transparency over corporate interests, it upholds ethical standards and empowers individuals to seek accountability. This aligns with public interest by fostering safer workplaces and deterring systemic abuse.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 addresses a critical public safety concern by targeting firearms designed for rapid, high-casualty attacks, which have been disproportionately used in mass shootings. Evidence from prior research, including the 1994–2004 federal ban, suggests such regulations can reduce firearm-related fatalities. The bill aligns with the Supreme Court’s recognition of reasonable gun restrictions while preserving exemptions for law enforcement and lawful sporting purposes. Prioritizing community safety from preventable gun violence serves the public good without violating constitutional principles.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The For the People Act of 2019 strengthens democracy by expanding voter access, combating gerrymandering, and improving election security. It enhances transparency through campaign finance reforms, ethics oversight for judges, and tax-return disclosure for presidential candidates. These measures collectively address corruption risks, foreign interference, and inequities in political representation, directly serving the public interest.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Whistleblower Protection Improvement Act of 2021 enhances safeguards for federal employees who expose misconduct, promoting transparency and accountability. Strengthening these protections encourages ethical reporting without fear of retaliation, which is vital for ensuring government integrity and protecting public interests. This bill aligns with the American people's right to demand honesty and responsibility from their institutions.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill protects Florida's critical coastal environment and tourism-driven economy by permanently banning offshore oil drilling near its shores, which carries significant spill risks. The establishment of industry-funded safety inspections ensures accountability and reduces taxpayer burdens. Additionally, mandating a study on inspection programs promotes evidence-based safety improvements, aligning with both environmental and economic interests.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While officer safety is critical, existing federal laws criminalize reckless flight from law enforcement, risking redundancy. Introducing additional immigration penalties could disproportionately impact vulnerable communities without addressing root causes of non-compliance. The bill’s approach may undermine trust in law enforcement among immigrant populations and requires evidence of a specific gap in current statutes to justify expanded penalties. Public resources would be better directed toward improving enforcement of existing laws and de-escalation training.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The evidence indicates the President abused his power by pressuring Ukraine to investigate a political rival, undermining election integrity, and obstructed Congress by refusing to cooperate with a lawful impeachment inquiry. These actions endanger national security and democratic norms, meeting the constitutional threshold for impeachment as they demonstrate a betrayal of public trust and constitutional responsibilities.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Climate Action Now Act aligns with the public good by addressing climate change, a critical threat to public health, economic stability, and national security. It ensures U.S. participation in the Paris Agreement, fostering global cooperation while prioritizing accountability through annual emission reduction plans, public input, and studies on job and economic impacts. These measures promote a sustainable clean energy transition that can create jobs, protect vulnerable communities, and maintain U.S. leadership in combating climate change, ensuring long-term benefits outweigh short-term costs.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Equality Act advances core American values by prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, ensuring equal protection under the law. It aligns with public sentiment and addresses gaps in existing protections for LGBTQ+ individuals in employment, housing, and public accommodations. While balancing religious freedoms, the bill upholds the principle that all citizens deserve dignity and fairness in accessing fundamental rights and opportunities.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Energy efficiency standards for cooking products can reduce long-term energy costs for households, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and improve indoor air quality. Halting these standards risks perpetuating higher energy burdens and environmental harm without clear evidence of adverse impacts from the proposed rules. Prioritizing energy modernization aligns with public health, economic savings, and climate resilience.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Section 134 of the Clean Air Act established the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund to advance climate initiatives, reduce emissions, and support vulnerable communities. Repealing it would undermine critical investments in clean energy and climate resilience, which align with public health, economic stability, and scientific consensus on urgent climate action. There is no verified evidence of systemic corruption or taxpayer harm justifying its repeal.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill promotes equitable access to quality education by addressing systemic racial and socioeconomic segregation, which enhances academic outcomes and prepares students for a diverse society. Grants support evidence-based strategies like boundary redesigns and teacher recruitment, fostering inclusive environments. Accountability through performance measures ensures effective use of funds. This aligns with the public good by advancing fairness and opportunity for all students.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While combating antisemitism is vital, this bill's adoption of the IHRA definition risks conflating legitimate political criticism—particularly regarding Israel—with antisemitism, potentially chilling free speech and academic discourse. Safeguards for constitutional protections are insufficient to ensure enforcement targets actual discrimination rather than protected expression. Prioritizing clearer distinctions to uphold both anti-discrimination and First Amendment rights is essential.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill risks undermining fiduciary duties by restricting retirement fund managers from considering material, non-pecuniary factors (e.g., climate risk or corporate governance) that can directly impact long-term returns. While the intent to prevent politicization is valid, blanket prohibitions could ignore legitimate financial risks, potentially harming retirees' savings. Investment decisions should be guided by comprehensive risk assessments, not ideological exclusions.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Energy efficiency standards for appliances like refrigerators help reduce consumer energy costs, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and promote long-term economic and environmental benefits. The bill risks undermining these gains by restricting the Department of Energy's ability to enforce standards that could be broadly beneficial, even if they require modest upfront investments. Rolling back such regulations may prioritize short-term manufacturing ease over the public's enduring interest in sustainability and cost savings.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill expands apprenticeship opportunities, which strengthen workforce development and economic mobility by providing paid training and education. By including youth and pre-apprenticeship programs, it addresses skill gaps and prepares younger workers for sustainable careers. Promoting labor standards ensures fair treatment and safety for apprentices, aligning with public interest in equitable job growth and economic recovery post-pandemic.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Allowing federal law enforcement officers to purchase retired service weapons, provided the weapons are permanently deactivated per federal standards, supports their right to retain symbolic or historical items tied to their service. This measure poses minimal public safety risk when proper deactivation and background checks are enforced, while offering a morale boost and practical benefit to those who have protected communities. Oversight mechanisms should ensure compliance with existing firearm regulations.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While transparency in product labeling is important, this bill appears to conflate trade regulation with taking a political stance on disputed territories, potentially undermining U.S. foreign policy and diplomatic efforts. It risks escalating tensions by legitimizing specific territorial claims that are subject to international debate, which could harm U.S. relations with Palestinian territories and complicate broader Middle East diplomacy. As a Representative, prioritizing neutral, fact-based trade policies that avoid entanglement in geopolitical disputes better serves the public interest.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While countering Houthi aggression is important, designating them as a terrorist organization could severely hinder humanitarian aid to Yemen, exacerbate civilian suffering, and complicate diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict. Sanctions and FTO designations often disproportionately impact vulnerable populations and undermine peace negotiations. A more effective approach would involve targeted measures against leadership while ensuring aid flows and diplomatic channels remain open.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act addresses critical issues in the U.S. healthcare system by reducing prescription drug prices through negotiated limits tied to international benchmarks, curbing inflationary price hikes, expanding affordable Medicare coverage for essential services like dental and vision, and enhancing transparency in drug pricing. These measures prioritize financial relief for seniors, low-income beneficiaries, and patients reliant on high-cost medications, while also promoting long-term cost containment through administrative efficiency reforms. The bill’s balanced approach to lowering costs without compromising innovation or access serves the public interest broadly.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill safeguards the ecologically fragile Arctic National Wildlife Refuge from oil and gas exploitation, preserving indigenous cultural sites and biodiversity while mitigating climate impacts. The offshore safety fee structure ensures industry accountability for inspection costs, enhancing environmental and worker safety. Although the fund's reliance on annual appropriations introduces uncertainty, the long-term benefits of protecting irreplaceable natural resources and prioritizing sustainability align with the public interest.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill supports tribal sovereignty by empowering Indian tribes to manage their coastal zones while addressing environmental protection, cultural preservation, and public safety. The grants will help protect ecologically and culturally significant areas, which benefits both tribal communities and the broader public through environmental stability and heritage conservation. It aligns with the public good by promoting sustainable practices and respecting indigenous rights, essential for equitable national development.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Targeted sanctions on individuals responsible for human rights abuses or oppressive actions within the CCP align with U.S. values of promoting accountability and human rights. This bill focuses on those complicit in tyranny rather than the broader Chinese population, supporting ethical foreign policy. Verified facts indicate systemic oppression in regions like Xinjiang, warranting measured pressure on violators while avoiding undue harm to ordinary citizens.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill preserves consumer choice and economic accessibility by ensuring ICE vehicles remain available, which is critical for lower-income households, rural communities, and regions with limited charging infrastructure. Transitioning to EVs should be incentivized through market forces and existing policies, not bans. Maintaining optionality supports equity and practicality during the ongoing energy transition.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Iran Counterterrorism Act of 2023 aims to adjust sanctions on Iran’s financial sector to strengthen counterterrorism efforts. By limiting executive waiver authorities, the bill ensures sustained pressure on entities linked to terrorism, reducing risks to U.S. national security. Targeted sanctions help disrupt funding to groups like Hezbollah without broadly harming Iranian civilians. This measure aligns with U.S. interests in countering terrorism and promoting regional stability.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Access to Counsel Act of 2021 upholds due process and constitutional principles by ensuring individuals in immigration detention have meaningful access to legal representation. Guaranteeing the right to counsel aligns with judicial precedents like Landon v. Plasencia, which emphasize fair procedures, and addresses inequities where vulnerable populations face deportation without legal guidance. This promotes justice, reduces the risk of wrongful removals, and reflects America’s commitment to the rule of law and human dignity.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The LEOSA Reform Act of 2024 (HB354) improves the Law Enforcement Officer Safety Act by ensuring qualified active and retired law enforcement officers can carry concealed weapons across state lines to protect public safety. This reform supports officers' ability to respond to threats wherever they are while maintaining rigorous federal standards to prevent misuse. By balancing officer readiness with federal oversight and accountability measures, the bill enhances national security without undermining state authority or public safety.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill addresses a critical public safety gap by expanding background checks to all firearm sales, including private and online transactions. Closing this loophole prevents prohibited individuals from accessing firearms while respecting lawful gun ownership. Bipartisan support reflects a balanced approach, and evidence shows such measures reduce gun violence and align with overwhelming public sentiment. Ethical governance demands action to protect lives while upholding constitutional rights.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill addresses critical labor needs in agriculture by creating a structured pathway to legal status for established farmworkers, improving the H-2A visa program to ensure fair wages and worker flexibility, and expanding housing support for agricultural communities. These measures enhance food security, protect worker rights, and balance humanitarian and economic interests, serving the broader public good.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Department of Energy already has legal obligations to ensure energy standards are cost-effective and feasible before implementation. Blocking the agency's expertise could freeze outdated standards, increasing long-term energy costs for households and exacerbating environmental harm. The bill risks prioritizing short-term price concerns over sustained energy savings and emissions reductions.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The SHIELD Act strengthens election security by mandating transparency in foreign contacts, curbing foreign election spending, and requiring disclosure of online political ads, which helps safeguard democratic integrity. While balancing free speech concerns, its focus on preventing foreign interference and deceptive practices aligns with the public interest. The deportation provision for foreign interference adds a critical deterrent against external threats to U.S. elections.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Transparency in the financial dealings of the President is critical to uphold public trust and accountability. This bill ensures that the tax filings and audits of presidential income are subject to appropriate scrutiny, preventing conflicts of interest and potential corruption. By codifying these requirements, the legislation institutionalizes transparency as a standard for all future administrations, safeguarding both national interests and democratic integrity.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While the intent to reform surveillance laws is valid, HB7888 lacks sufficient transparency to ensure it balances national security with robust protections for civil liberties. Without verified details demonstrating safeguards against unwarranted surveillance, expanded intelligence powers risk infringing on constitutional rights. Ethical voting requires assurance that such reforms uphold both security and individual freedoms.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill enhances consumer protection by improving transparency, accuracy, and security in the credit reporting system. By mandating a centralized online portal, periodic audits, and stronger CFPB oversight, it empowers individuals to access, dispute, and secure their credit information. The establishment of data security requirements and the ombudsperson addresses systemic risks and persistent errors, benefiting all Americans dependent on fair credit practices.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Requiring the collection of LGBTQ-owned small business loan data ensures fair access to credit under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act by identifying and addressing potential discrimination. This transparency promotes equitable lending practices and aligns with the public interest in upholding non-discrimination in economic opportunities.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Save the Internet Act of 2019 upholds net neutrality principles by restoring the FCC's authority to enforce equal treatment of online content. This ensures that internet service providers cannot block, throttle, or prioritize specific traffic, preserving a free and open internet for all users. Protecting this equal access safeguards consumer choice, fosters innovation, and prevents corporate control over digital free speech, aligning with the public interest and ethical governance.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While protecting public safety is critical, existing immigration laws already render individuals convicted of serious crimes, including domestic violence and sexual offenses, deportable. This bill duplicates existing provisions without addressing due process concerns, as it could allow deportation based on allegations rather than proven convictions. Prioritizing enforcement of current laws over redundant legislation is in the public interest.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
HB1187 promotes transparency, accountability, and informed decision-making by mandating disclosures on critical issues like climate risk, political spending, pay equity, and tax practices. These requirements empower investors and the public to assess corporate behavior more accurately, aligning with the public interest. Establishing a Sustainable Finance Advisory Committee also ensures expertise guides implementation, balancing regulatory rigor with practicality.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022 updates premerger fees to reflect current economic realities, ensuring adequate funding for antitrust agencies to rigorously review mergers. This strengthens competition oversight, prevents monopolistic practices, and protects consumers by empowering regulators to address harmful market consolidation, particularly critical in an era of rising corporate dominance. Increased resources for enforcement align with longstanding bipartisan support for robust antitrust safeguards.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill aims to codify nationwide permit regulations under the Clean Water Act, providing legal certainty for stakeholders while maintaining environmental safeguards. By stabilizing the permitting process, it ensures efficient infrastructure development and reduces regulatory uncertainty without inherently weakening ecological protections. This measured approach balances economic and environmental interests, supporting long-term public welfare through predictable, science-based water resource management.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
While supporting hunting and angling rights is important, the use of lead ammunition and tackle poses significant environmental and health risks, including wildlife poisoning and lead contamination of ecosystems. Prohibiting federal agencies from banning lead in these contexts undermines science-based environmental stewardship and public health protections. States and agencies should retain authority to implement necessary restrictions tailored to local conditions.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill couples a critical debt ceiling increase with provisions that may weaken environmental protections, expedite energy projects with insufficient oversight, and reduce public accountability. While addressing the debt ceiling is necessary, tying it to contentious regulatory rollbacks risks long-term harm to public health and the environment. Prioritizing a clean debt ceiling bill without harmful riders would better serve the public interest by ensuring fiscal responsibility while upholding environmental and democratic safeguards.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill seeks to reverse recent fee increases that may burden middle-class homebuyers by reinstating fairer pricing adjustments. Reducing upfront costs for borrowers could enhance homeownership access while mitigating undue financial strain on families. This prioritizes affordability and aligns with supporting economic stability for middle-income Americans, provided the long-term solvency of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac remains safeguarded through complementary oversight mechanisms.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill aims to modernize and clarify the Electoral Count Act to prevent abuse of the objection process, ensuring only verified disputes can be considered. By reducing opportunities for baseless challenges to certified election results, it strengthens electoral integrity and safeguards public trust in democratic outcomes.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill authorizes critical funding for nationwide infrastructure priorities including transportation, highway safety, water quality, and hazardous materials safety. Investing in these areas creates jobs, enhances public safety, and stimulates economic growth. The diverse scope of programs addressed aligns with national interests in modernizing infrastructure and protecting environmental and worker safety.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill risks undermining international legal norms and accountability for atrocities, which serves the public good by maintaining global order. Sanctioning the ICC could deter investigations into serious international crimes, including those by U.S. or allied personnel, and strain diplomatic relations with nations supporting the Court. Prioritizing absolute immunity over justice contradicts the U.S.'s historic role in promoting human rights and could erode trust in international institutions critical to resolving global conflicts.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 addresses critical gaps in monitoring and preventing domestic extremism by establishing specialized federal offices. Given the January 6th Capitol attack and ongoing threats, enhancing coordinated intelligence sharing and enforcement capabilities aligns with the public interest while upholding accountability through structured oversight.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Paycheck Fairness Act advances equitable compensation by addressing systemic wage disparities based on sex, promoting transparency, and strengthening enforcement of equal pay laws. Closing the gender pay gap enhances economic fairness, supports families, and aligns with the principle of equal pay for equal work, benefiting the overall economy and social justice.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill ensures reasonable accommodations for pregnant workers, addressing gaps in existing protections. It promotes gender equity, supports public health, and aligns with ethical obligations to prevent workplace discrimination. Economic security for families and reduced maternal health risks further justify this measure.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Disapproving California's Low NOX regulation would undermine the state's authority to enforce stricter emissions standards aimed at reducing harmful pollutants that cause smog and respiratory illnesses. Maintaining the EPA's waiver supports cleaner air, protects public health, and upholds California's historic role in leading environmental innovation. Federal preemption in this case would weaken air quality progress and disproportionately impact vulnerable communities.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill risks undermining long-term energy security and climate goals by prioritizing fossil fuel extraction on federal lands. Using the Strategic Petroleum Reserve for production rather than emergency preparedness could leave the U.S. vulnerable during actual crises. Investing in renewable energy and conservation would better serve economic and environmental interests.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is a critical U.S. resource intended to address domestic energy emergencies, not to benefit foreign adversaries like China. Permitting SPR oil to flow to China could undermine U.S. energy security, empower a geopolitical rival, and risk destabilizing the SPR’s role as an emergency buffer. This bill ensures the reserve serves strictly American interests and aligns with national security priorities.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Corporate Transparency Act of 2019 addresses critical gaps in financial systems exploited for money laundering and terrorism financing by requiring beneficial ownership disclosure, strengthening anti-money-laundering frameworks, and modernizing enforcement tools. While compliance costs exist, the measures protect national security, enhance law enforcement capabilities, and promote economic integrity without disproportionately burdening legitimate small businesses, who are granted phased implementation.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act addresses systemic threats to voting access, particularly for marginalized communities, by modernizing the criteria to identify jurisdictions with recent histories of discrimination. Restoring and updating Section 4's preclearance mechanism ensures equitable enforcement of the Voting Rights Act, safeguarding democratic participation and countering efforts that disproportionately suppress minority voters, in line with both ethical governance and historical civil rights protections.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The PPSA Act of 2021 addresses the risk of politicization by limiting the use of non-competitive, excepted service positions that could be exploited for patronage. Maintaining a merit-based federal workforce ensures accountability, efficiency, and public trust, aligning with the best interest of the American people. While flexibility for specific hiring needs is valid, the bill’s focus on curbing abuse of the system supports ethical governance.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Hydraulic fracturing poses significant environmental and public health risks, including water contamination, methane emissions, and seismic activity, which warrant rigorous oversight. Prohibiting a moratorium would limit Congress’ ability to address these harms through evidence-based policy, potentially prioritizing short-term economic gains over long-term sustainability. Investing in renewable energy infrastructure aligns better with climate resilience and public safety, serving the broader public interest.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
Eliminating the federal vaccine mandate for healthcare workers could endanger vulnerable patients in federal health programs, undermining public health. Mandates have proven effective in reducing preventable illnesses and protecting high-risk individuals in medical settings. Allowing unvaccinated workers increases transmission risks, compromising both patient and worker safety during ongoing pandemic threats.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Equal Representation Act raises constitutional concerns, as the Supreme Court affirmed apportionment based on total population (including non-citizens) in Evenwel v. Abbott (2016). Adding a citizenship question risks undercounting populations due to non-response, skewing federal funding and representation. Maintaining constitutional precedent ensures equitable governance and protects data accuracy critical for resource allocation.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The bill updates the use of Byrne grant funds to incorporate modern public safety report systems, which can enhance information-sharing among law enforcement to track violent offenders more effectively. This aligns with public safety goals without diverting funds from core criminal justice needs. Proper implementation could reduce recidivism risks while maintaining ethical oversight and evidence-based crime prevention strategies.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Raise the Wage Act promotes economic fairness by gradually raising the minimum wage for all workers, including historically underserved groups like tipped employees, young workers, and individuals with disabilities. Eliminating subminimum wage categories reduces exploitation and aligns with ethical standards of equitable pay. While challenges exist for businesses, the phased-in approach and provisions for technical assistance provide necessary support for adaptation. The bill’s focus on reducing poverty and income inequality serves the broader public good.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
The Invest to Protect Act of 2022 addresses critical resource gaps for small police departments, enabling them to enhance community-oriented policing and public safety. By providing targeted grants, it supports local law enforcement in underserved areas while fostering trust between police and communities. This focused investment aligns with the public good by prioritizing equitable access to federal support for departments that may lack the capacity to secure resources independently.
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Vote AOC (D)
Vote Mike Johnson (R)
LLM Justification
This bill addresses critical gaps in youth mental health care by expanding access to school-based services, addressing workforce shortages in behavioral health, and promoting trauma-informed practices. Investing in early intervention and counseling infrastructure supports long-term public health and educational outcomes, particularly post-pandemic when youth mental health needs have surged. Prioritizing preventive care reduces future systemic costs and aligns with bipartisan goals to expand mental health equity and accessibility.